latest articles
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Contriving a multi-epitope vaccine against African swine fever utilizing immunoinformatics
by Fagbohun
O.,
Aiki-Raji
C.,
Omotosho
O.,
Akinniyi
O.,
Jarikre
T.,
Emikpe
B.
Summary: African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever, a highly fatal hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic swine, severely impacting the development of swine industries in affected countries. The management of this disease is significantly hindered by the absence of protective vaccines against the virus. A cost-effective approach to developing potent vaccines is by employing immunoinformatic tools to identify highly conserved IFN-g , CD4+, CD8+, and B-cell epitopes. These can then be combined to create a multi-epitope broad-spectrum vaccine.
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Synchronous occurrence of Retroperitoneal Pleomorphic Liposarcoma and Papillary thyroid carcinoma: A Rare Case Report
by Yeduguri
J.,
Raju
K.,
Khattepur
A.,
Nattiala
N.,
Balaji
N.,
Kolkar
P.
Summary: Pleomorphic liposarcoma is one of the rarest malignancies. In this case report, we present a primary pleomorphic liposarcoma of the retroperitoneal cavity in a 73-year-old male patient.
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3-strain novel combinatorial probiotic formulation has a prophylactic role in maintaining intestinal barrier function via a reparative modulation of alkaline phosphatase in a pre-clinical inflammatory bowel disease
by Biswas
S.,
Mitra
S.,
Dutta
R.,
Banerjee
E.
Summary: Oxidative stress is a significant issue arising from the excessive production of oxidants by superoxide oxides and nitric oxides in our body, which leads to inflammation and tissue damage. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the immune system mistakenly identifies food as antigens, releasing various cytokines to combat this perceived threat and causing IBD symptoms. The loss of intestinal barrier integrity is directly linked to the severity of IBD. It results in a leaky gut, bacterial infiltration, and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. The immune system typically combats infections through the generation of various T- and B-lymphocytes, leading to an adaptive immune response.
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Efficient isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic fluid via a two-step culture method
by Hoseini
S.,
Kalantar
S.,
Zarein
F.,
Sadeghian
F.,
Ghasemi-Esmailabad
S.,
Hajimaghsoudi
E.,
Montazeri
F.
Summary: The acquisition of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs) is imperative for therapeutic interventions. These versatile cells can be sourced from various fetal tissues often regarded as medical waste post-delivery. Fetal hMSCs are also procurable from aborted fetuses during the initial and early second trimesters, and amniotic fluid (hAF-MSCs) secured through amniocentesis aimed at prenatal diagnostics. This study endeavors to evaluate two economical strategies for isolating hAF-MSCs: the one-step and the two-step method, emphasizing their efficiency and potential applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Target receptors in diabetic neuropathy: Key insights & implications
by Sharma
G.,
.
B.,
Akhtar
J.,
Khan
M.,
Ahmad
M.,
Neopane
D.
Summary: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by nerve damage resulting from chronic hyperglycemia. This condition affects a significant proportion of diabetic patients, leading to symptoms such as weakness, numbness, and pain, particularly in the extremities. The pathogenesis of DN is complex and involves metabolic, vascular, and neurotrophic factors. At the core of its development are various receptors that mediate and modulate the underlying biochemical and cellular processes. Key receptors implicated in DN include the advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE), which is involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, transient receptor potential channels, namely TRP channels, particularly TRPV1 and TRPA1, play an important role in the sensation of pain and thermal stimuli, contributing to the sensory abnormalities observed in DN. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors also play significant roles, as insulin signaling is crucial for neuronal survival and function. Furthermore, purinergic receptors, specifically the P2X and P2Y subtypes, are involved in neuroinflammation and pain transmission. Understanding the roles and interactions of these receptors provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of DN and highlights potential therapeutic targets. Future research focusing on modulating these receptor pathways holds promise for developing effective treatments to alleviate symptoms and potentially reverse the progression of DN.
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Update on the use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of osteoarthritis: New supporting evidence
by Do-Minh
N.,
Nguyen-Trong
H.,
Vu-Bich
N.,
Pham-Van
P.
Summary: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained popularity as a treatment option for osteoarthritis, despite a lack of formal endorsement by professional associations. While not universally recommended, its application in managing joint osteoarthritis and aiding ligament regeneration has received approval in several countries. Research into PRP's effectiveness in treating joint osteoarthritis presents promising outcomes, but suffers from inconsistencies across various studies. These disparities stem from differences in the methods of PRP preparation, the concentration of platelets, the frequency of injections, and the specific type of PRP utilized. This article aims to provide the most recent insights into the efficacy of PRP therapy for joint osteoarthritis, underscoring the significant impact of PRP classification, platelet dosage, and injection regimen on therapeutic outcomes. In sum, findings from this study advocate for the use of PRP in managing joint osteoarthritis, highlighting its potential benefits when applied under optimized conditions.
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Gut microbiome influences incidence and outcomes of breast cancer by regulating levels and activity of steroid hormones in women
by Pathoor
N., N.,
Ganesh
P. S.
Summary: This review comprehensively examines the role of the gut microbiome in breast cancer by regulating steroid hormones, emphasizing the impact of probiotics on gut diversity and metabolic health. The discussion could be enriched with more detailed mechanistic insights and longitudinal studies.
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Renal failure in a pediatric patient secondary to HCoV-NL63 infection: A case report
by Kori
A., M., M.,
Ibrahim
K.,
Jalil
N., A., C.,
Ilias
M. I.
Summary: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the Nidovirales family, Coronaviridae. To date, seven human CoVs have been identified, some of which are known to circulate persistently in the human population, particularly among young infants. Among these CoV types, renal disease is a recognized complication associated with SARS-CoV-2. No cases of renal disease caused by HCoVNL63 have been reported.
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Nutritional Status, Dietary Patterns, and Prealbumin as Prognostic Factors in Stroke: An Observational Study
by Koç
A.,
Ersoy
A.
Summary: Prealbumin is a protein synthesized by the choroid plexus and liver, playing integral roles in the transport of thyroxine and retinol. Its serum levels are known to decrease in response to conditions such as inflammation, protein deficiency, end-stage liver disease, and malignancy. Notably, decreased serum prealbumin levels have been negatively correlated with the severity of stroke. Given this context, understanding factors that predict functional outcomes and mortality in stroke patients is crucial, particularly the potential role of nutritional status and prealbumin levels.
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Simple-Virilizing Congenital adrenal hyperplasia sustained by five mutations on the CYP21A2 gene
by Agrimonti
G.,
Spaggiari
G.,
Menabò
S.,
Vezzani
S.,
Magnani
E.,
Frasoldati
A.,
Granata
A.,
Santi
D.
Summary: Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder characterized by defects in the steroidogenesis cascade, mainly due to 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency. The phenotype can vary from the most severe salt-wasting syndrome to the less severe simple-virilizing form. The genotype-phenotype correlation is complex, and it is expected that the higher the number of mutations detected, the worse the phenotype would be. Moreover, when more than one mutation occurs in the same patient, the phenotype should be the result of the most severe mutation detected.
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Association study between polymorphisms within MPPED2 (rs12797813), MTR (rs61739582), ACTN2 (rs6656267) and LPO (rs7209537) genes and susceptibility to dental caries: a case-control study
by Akbarian
S.,
Daneshmehr
S.,
Nazari
Y.,
Kobravi
S.,
Fetrati
A.,
Amin
M., R.,
Biglak
B.,
Alizadeh
F.
Summary: The linkage between specific genetic variants and the susceptibility to dental caries remains a crucial area of investigation. This study aimed to examine the association of particular gene variants within MPPED2 (rs12797813), MTR (rs61739582), ACTN2 (rs6656267), and LPO (rs7209537) genes with the likelihood of developing dental caries.
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Association between blood Interleukin-10 level in coronary artery disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and network analyses
by Moghadam
R.,
Rouzbahani
M.,
Salehi
N.,
Sadeghi
M.
Summary: Cytokines can be key factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in the serum/plasma of patients with CAD.
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Comparative Efficacy of CNV-Sequencing and Karyotyping in Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
by Tang
H., X.,
Pham
H., V.,
Nguyen
C., X.,
Nguyen
H., T.,
Luu
H. T.
Summary: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Copy Number Variation sequencing (CNV-Seq) with that of traditional karyotyping in prenatal diagnostics by assessing their concordance and ability to identify aneuploidies and structural abnormalities in fetal chromosomes.
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CellTravel: An injectable, defined medium for cool or ambient temperature transport and short-term storage of human mesenchymal stem cells
by Kiet
P., T.,
Trang
N., T., H.,
Phat
N., T.,
Ngoc
V., B.,
Phuc
P. V.
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly used for the treatment of various diseases. However, the treatment cost remains relatively high. One reason for this is the complexity and expense involved in the transportation and use of MSCs. Currently, most of the transport of stem cells from the production site to the hospital is carried out under cold conditions with CO2 ice or liquid nitrogen. This transportation is difficult and costly, especially from one country to another. At the site of use, the use of products is also complicated, requiring cells to be properly thawed and sometimes washed to remove cold storage medium before use. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the transport and storage medium of MSCs at room and cool temperature (2-8 oC).
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